Medical disclaimer

The information on this website is for general education. It is not a diagnosis and does not replace a consultation with a qualified doctor who has examined you.

Treatment options described here may not be suitable for every patient. The right treatment depends on your examination, tests and overall health.

In an emergency — such as inability to pass urine, high fever with flank pain, heavy bleeding or sudden severe testicular pain — go to the nearest hospital emergency department at once.

Last updated 13 October 2026